What should a nurse assess for if a dying patient exhibits restlessness and agitation?

When assessing a dying patient who displays restlessness and agitation, it is crucial to investigate physical causes such as pain or constipation. These symptoms can often be indicators of discomfort or distress related to physical conditions that may not be immediately apparent. For instance, pain management is a cornerstone of palliative care, and undiagnosed or uncontrolled pain can lead to significant restlessness and agitation. Additionally, constipation is a common issue in patients who are nearing the end of life due to decreased mobility, dietary changes, or medications that can cause bowel irregularities.

Addressing these physical causes not only helps to alleviate discomfort but also improves the overall quality of life for the patient during their final days. Nurses are trained to recognize these signs and symptoms and to perform thorough assessments to identify such underlying issues, ensuring appropriate interventions are initiated in a timely manner. By focusing on the physical aspects of care, the nurse can play a pivotal role in providing comfort and dignity to the patient during this critical time.